A Long Period Of Time - 904 Words

The issues, related to tortures, have been a controversial topic for a long period of time. Torture is generally defined as â€Å"the act of deliberately inflicting severe physical or psychological pain and possibly injury to an organism, usually to one who is physically restrained or otherwise under the torturer s control or custody and unable to defend against what is being done to him or her.† (Rejali 1994). The cases of torturing individuals are known from ancient times till nowadays in various countries and either officially or not officially conducted. Reasons for such activities are different, mostly they are punishment, political re-education or revenge, they could be personal or not personal, in some cases people experience satisfaction from watching or performing torturing to other individuals. In such situations individuals are forced from inside by psychological pressure and need serious professional help. The final intentions of the tortures are also different, e ither this could be to kill the victim or just to prolong the suffering until it turns out to be fatal. Sometimes tortures were parts of capital punishment. The type of torture chosen, as well as its length and methods, depends directly upon the final aim. Some countries acknowledged application of tortures legally, in other countries tortures were prohibited by domestic laws and they subdued to international prohibition laws. Starting from the 20th century tortures are generally considered to be seriousShow MoreRelatedWorking Long Periods Of Time1467 Words   |  6 PagesWorking many hours can take its toll on everyone. Anyone who has worked more than forty hours or more than an eight hour shift for long periods of time can attest to that. Not only can working hours affect relationships it can also affect the way employees’ brains works and functions (Armour, 2007; Virtanen et al., 2009). Working long periods of time can also increase employees’ alcohol consumption a nd affect their day to day lives (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 2004; ArmourRead MoreDiabetes : A Long Period Of Time1629 Words   |  7 Pages For a long period of time, diabetes has been perceived as a destructive and deadly disease. But what is diabetes? â€Å"Diabetes a condition in which the body does not accurately process food to use as energy. A large portion of the food we eat is converted into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies energy use. The pancreas is an organ that lies close to the stomach which makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose go inside the cells of our bodies. When a person has diabetes, their body either doesnRead MoreChin A Powerful Empire For A Long Period Of Time943 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a powerful empire for a remarkably long period of time, China has not always stayed the same though. Throughout its expansive history China has evolved in many ways while retaining many of its original values. Some examples of this ca n be found in the way China conducted its economy, its attitude towards openness to other ideas, and its methods of leadership. Specifically, there were vast amounts of change that took place between the warring states period in China and the Yuan dynasty, this isRead MoreTravel Abroad For Long Periods Of Time While Working952 Words   |  4 PagesMeta description: Freelancers are able to travel abroad for long periods of time while working their current jobs. But there are things you will need to know about working while traveling. Here are some of the most vital international travel tips for any freelancer embarking on a trip. One of the joys about freelancing is the freedom that you have to travel. Whether it’s just for a few weeks or a trip lasting six months, there are several travel tips that you need to keep in mind. Manage YourRead MoreSexual Assault Is An Ongoing Issue For A Long Period Of Time Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pages Sexual assault has been an ongoing issue for a long period of time. In modern day society, rape incidents are more prominent in campus universities, especially in fraternities. It is noted that in frat houses, pressuring someone to engage in sexual activities is a part of the norm. Patricia Martin and Robert Hummer conducted an analysis regarding the sociological correlation between fraternities and rape on campus. The research analyzed the group and organizational practices and conditions, andRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Colonizing Mars For A Long Period Of Time1874 Words   |  8 Pagesliving on Mars’s surface. 2. Mission Objectives Mission Objectives: †¢ Study the different races –What do genetics have to do with astronaut survival in Space’s harsh environment? †¢ Research the psychological effects of colonizing Mars for a long period of time †¢ Observe how different plants and animals respond to Mars’s environment 3. Colony Duration and Launch Relicum will last for a duration of 1,180 days in total including shipping the supplies, and transporting the crew to and from Mars. The crewRead MoreFor a long period of time, Malapropisms have been used in literature in order for a character to2000 Words   |  8 PagesFor a long period of time, Malapropisms have been used in literature in order for a character to feign ignorance, such as in Sheridans play, The Rivals and is based off of a character in the play named Mrs. Malaprop. In the play, Mrs. Malaprop would use words incorrectly. For example, Mrs. Malaprop would substitute the word reprehend for aprehend. However, this feigned ignorance is now known as a speech error termed by psycholinguistics and can happen when words are substituted by an individualRead More6) Coding-printing of graphics Marking Coding From long period of time there is a need for2700 Words   |  11 PagesMarking Coding From long period of time there is a need for coding and marking on the packaged products starting with expiry date. Still, with an growing awareness with better printing alternates like ink jet coding, laser coding and electrolytic etching for metal marking one can make a decision to evolve an on the whole anti-counterfeit characteristic which like an additional advantage provides the opportunities for online coding with suppleness, programmable options, time saving and cheap availabilityRead MoreA Brief Note On Trans Saharan Trade System1521 Words   |  7 PagesLong-Distant trade was a big contributor to premodern societies thriving during this time period because it allowed foodstuffs and commodities to regional cuisines that were thousands of miles away from their points of origin. The trade network along the Indian Ocean was essential for many societies during the premodern period, such as large societies in China, southwest Asia, and also Mediterranean basin. The Indian Ocea n was a very big part of these societies because it provided many advantagesRead MoreEconomics of Banking1438 Words   |  6 PagesWe observe very large and rapid declines in the policy rate (the very short rate) in late 2008 and early 2009. Considering the US, the UK, and Japan, did long rates fall as much around that time or less or more? In late 2008, many developed economies where in or close to recession, with growth slowing noticeably in the emerging economies. These events prompted an easing of monetary policy and expansionary fiscal measures in many countries (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2008). The policy rate

A Long Period Of Time - 904 Words

The issues, related to tortures, have been a controversial topic for a long period of time. Torture is generally defined as â€Å"the act of deliberately inflicting severe physical or psychological pain and possibly injury to an organism, usually to one who is physically restrained or otherwise under the torturer s control or custody and unable to defend against what is being done to him or her.† (Rejali 1994). The cases of torturing individuals are known from ancient times till nowadays in various countries and either officially or not officially conducted. Reasons for such activities are different, mostly they are punishment, political re-education or revenge, they could be personal or not personal, in some cases people experience satisfaction from watching or performing torturing to other individuals. In such situations individuals are forced from inside by psychological pressure and need serious professional help. The final intentions of the tortures are also different, e ither this could be to kill the victim or just to prolong the suffering until it turns out to be fatal. Sometimes tortures were parts of capital punishment. The type of torture chosen, as well as its length and methods, depends directly upon the final aim. Some countries acknowledged application of tortures legally, in other countries tortures were prohibited by domestic laws and they subdued to international prohibition laws. Starting from the 20th century tortures are generally considered to be seriousShow MoreRelatedWorking Long Periods Of Time1467 Words   |  6 PagesWorking many hours can take its toll on everyone. Anyone who has worked more than forty hours or more than an eight hour shift for long periods of time can attest to that. Not only can working hours affect relationships it can also affect the way employees’ brains works and functions (Armour, 2007; Virtanen et al., 2009). Working long periods of time can also increase employees’ alcohol consumption a nd affect their day to day lives (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 2004; ArmourRead MoreDiabetes : A Long Period Of Time1629 Words   |  7 Pages For a long period of time, diabetes has been perceived as a destructive and deadly disease. But what is diabetes? â€Å"Diabetes a condition in which the body does not accurately process food to use as energy. A large portion of the food we eat is converted into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies energy use. The pancreas is an organ that lies close to the stomach which makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose go inside the cells of our bodies. When a person has diabetes, their body either doesnRead MoreChin A Powerful Empire For A Long Period Of Time943 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a powerful empire for a remarkably long period of time, China has not always stayed the same though. Throughout its expansive history China has evolved in many ways while retaining many of its original values. Some examples of this ca n be found in the way China conducted its economy, its attitude towards openness to other ideas, and its methods of leadership. Specifically, there were vast amounts of change that took place between the warring states period in China and the Yuan dynasty, this isRead MoreTravel Abroad For Long Periods Of Time While Working952 Words   |  4 PagesMeta description: Freelancers are able to travel abroad for long periods of time while working their current jobs. But there are things you will need to know about working while traveling. Here are some of the most vital international travel tips for any freelancer embarking on a trip. One of the joys about freelancing is the freedom that you have to travel. Whether it’s just for a few weeks or a trip lasting six months, there are several travel tips that you need to keep in mind. Manage YourRead MoreSexual Assault Is An Ongoing Issue For A Long Period Of Time Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pages Sexual assault has been an ongoing issue for a long period of time. In modern day society, rape incidents are more prominent in campus universities, especially in fraternities. It is noted that in frat houses, pressuring someone to engage in sexual activities is a part of the norm. Patricia Martin and Robert Hummer conducted an analysis regarding the sociological correlation between fraternities and rape on campus. The research analyzed the group and organizational practices and conditions, andRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Colonizing Mars For A Long Period Of Time1874 Words   |  8 Pagesliving on Mars’s surface. 2. Mission Objectives Mission Objectives: †¢ Study the different races –What do genetics have to do with astronaut survival in Space’s harsh environment? †¢ Research the psychological effects of colonizing Mars for a long period of time †¢ Observe how different plants and animals respond to Mars’s environment 3. Colony Duration and Launch Relicum will last for a duration of 1,180 days in total including shipping the supplies, and transporting the crew to and from Mars. The crewRead MoreFor a long period of time, Malapropisms have been used in literature in order for a character to2000 Words   |  8 PagesFor a long period of time, Malapropisms have been used in literature in order for a character to feign ignorance, such as in Sheridans play, The Rivals and is based off of a character in the play named Mrs. Malaprop. In the play, Mrs. Malaprop would use words incorrectly. For example, Mrs. Malaprop would substitute the word reprehend for aprehend. However, this feigned ignorance is now known as a speech error termed by psycholinguistics and can happen when words are substituted by an individualRead More6) Coding-printing of graphics Marking Coding From long period of time there is a need for2700 Words   |  11 PagesMarking Coding From long period of time there is a need for coding and marking on the packaged products starting with expiry date. Still, with an growing awareness with better printing alternates like ink jet coding, laser coding and electrolytic etching for metal marking one can make a decision to evolve an on the whole anti-counterfeit characteristic which like an additional advantage provides the opportunities for online coding with suppleness, programmable options, time saving and cheap availabilityRead MoreA Brief Note On Trans Saharan Trade System1521 Words   |  7 PagesLong-Distant trade was a big contributor to premodern societies thriving during this time period because it allowed foodstuffs and commodities to regional cuisines that were thousands of miles away from their points of origin. The trade network along the Indian Ocean was essential for many societies during the premodern period, such as large societies in China, southwest Asia, and also Mediterranean basin. The Indian Ocea n was a very big part of these societies because it provided many advantagesRead MoreEconomics of Banking1438 Words   |  6 PagesWe observe very large and rapid declines in the policy rate (the very short rate) in late 2008 and early 2009. Considering the US, the UK, and Japan, did long rates fall as much around that time or less or more? In late 2008, many developed economies where in or close to recession, with growth slowing noticeably in the emerging economies. These events prompted an easing of monetary policy and expansionary fiscal measures in many countries (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2008). The policy rate

A Long Period Of Time - 904 Words

The issues, related to tortures, have been a controversial topic for a long period of time. Torture is generally defined as â€Å"the act of deliberately inflicting severe physical or psychological pain and possibly injury to an organism, usually to one who is physically restrained or otherwise under the torturer s control or custody and unable to defend against what is being done to him or her.† (Rejali 1994). The cases of torturing individuals are known from ancient times till nowadays in various countries and either officially or not officially conducted. Reasons for such activities are different, mostly they are punishment, political re-education or revenge, they could be personal or not personal, in some cases people experience satisfaction from watching or performing torturing to other individuals. In such situations individuals are forced from inside by psychological pressure and need serious professional help. The final intentions of the tortures are also different, e ither this could be to kill the victim or just to prolong the suffering until it turns out to be fatal. Sometimes tortures were parts of capital punishment. The type of torture chosen, as well as its length and methods, depends directly upon the final aim. Some countries acknowledged application of tortures legally, in other countries tortures were prohibited by domestic laws and they subdued to international prohibition laws. Starting from the 20th century tortures are generally considered to be seriousShow MoreRelatedWorking Long Periods Of Time1467 Words   |  6 PagesWorking many hours can take its toll on everyone. Anyone who has worked more than forty hours or more than an eight hour shift for long periods of time can attest to that. Not only can working hours affect relationships it can also affect the way employees’ brains works and functions (Armour, 2007; Virtanen et al., 2009). Working long periods of time can also increase employees’ alcohol consumption a nd affect their day to day lives (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 2004; ArmourRead MoreDiabetes : A Long Period Of Time1629 Words   |  7 Pages For a long period of time, diabetes has been perceived as a destructive and deadly disease. But what is diabetes? â€Å"Diabetes a condition in which the body does not accurately process food to use as energy. A large portion of the food we eat is converted into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies energy use. The pancreas is an organ that lies close to the stomach which makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose go inside the cells of our bodies. When a person has diabetes, their body either doesnRead MoreChin A Powerful Empire For A Long Period Of Time943 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a powerful empire for a remarkably long period of time, China has not always stayed the same though. Throughout its expansive history China has evolved in many ways while retaining many of its original values. Some examples of this ca n be found in the way China conducted its economy, its attitude towards openness to other ideas, and its methods of leadership. Specifically, there were vast amounts of change that took place between the warring states period in China and the Yuan dynasty, this isRead MoreTravel Abroad For Long Periods Of Time While Working952 Words   |  4 PagesMeta description: Freelancers are able to travel abroad for long periods of time while working their current jobs. But there are things you will need to know about working while traveling. Here are some of the most vital international travel tips for any freelancer embarking on a trip. One of the joys about freelancing is the freedom that you have to travel. Whether it’s just for a few weeks or a trip lasting six months, there are several travel tips that you need to keep in mind. Manage YourRead MoreSexual Assault Is An Ongoing Issue For A Long Period Of Time Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pages Sexual assault has been an ongoing issue for a long period of time. In modern day society, rape incidents are more prominent in campus universities, especially in fraternities. It is noted that in frat houses, pressuring someone to engage in sexual activities is a part of the norm. Patricia Martin and Robert Hummer conducted an analysis regarding the sociological correlation between fraternities and rape on campus. The research analyzed the group and organizational practices and conditions, andRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Colonizing Mars For A Long Period Of Time1874 Words   |  8 Pagesliving on Mars’s surface. 2. Mission Objectives Mission Objectives: †¢ Study the different races –What do genetics have to do with astronaut survival in Space’s harsh environment? †¢ Research the psychological effects of colonizing Mars for a long period of time †¢ Observe how different plants and animals respond to Mars’s environment 3. Colony Duration and Launch Relicum will last for a duration of 1,180 days in total including shipping the supplies, and transporting the crew to and from Mars. The crewRead MoreFor a long period of time, Malapropisms have been used in literature in order for a character to2000 Words   |  8 PagesFor a long period of time, Malapropisms have been used in literature in order for a character to feign ignorance, such as in Sheridans play, The Rivals and is based off of a character in the play named Mrs. Malaprop. In the play, Mrs. Malaprop would use words incorrectly. For example, Mrs. Malaprop would substitute the word reprehend for aprehend. However, this feigned ignorance is now known as a speech error termed by psycholinguistics and can happen when words are substituted by an individualRead More6) Coding-printing of graphics Marking Coding From long period of time there is a need for2700 Words   |  11 PagesMarking Coding From long period of time there is a need for coding and marking on the packaged products starting with expiry date. Still, with an growing awareness with better printing alternates like ink jet coding, laser coding and electrolytic etching for metal marking one can make a decision to evolve an on the whole anti-counterfeit characteristic which like an additional advantage provides the opportunities for online coding with suppleness, programmable options, time saving and cheap availabilityRead MoreA Brief Note On Trans Saharan Trade System1521 Words   |  7 PagesLong-Distant trade was a big contributor to premodern societies thriving during this time period because it allowed foodstuffs and commodities to regional cuisines that were thousands of miles away from their points of origin. The trade network along the Indian Ocean was essential for many societies during the premodern period, such as large societies in China, southwest Asia, and also Mediterranean basin. The Indian Ocea n was a very big part of these societies because it provided many advantagesRead MoreEconomics of Banking1438 Words   |  6 PagesWe observe very large and rapid declines in the policy rate (the very short rate) in late 2008 and early 2009. Considering the US, the UK, and Japan, did long rates fall as much around that time or less or more? In late 2008, many developed economies where in or close to recession, with growth slowing noticeably in the emerging economies. These events prompted an easing of monetary policy and expansionary fiscal measures in many countries (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2008). The policy rate

Examples Of Alternatives And Recommendations - 758 Words

Alternatives and Recommendations In today’s world organization have to change and respond immediately in a very limited time, Also making sure that all the steps are taken by allocating right percentages to all the alternatives available. Organizations cannot make a decision based on assumptions; they need to be sure about everything and then make a move. Organizations need to be proactive in understanding the changes in wants and needs of the staffs. This can benefit the organization from handling any uncertainty in the working environment related to staffing. Some questions that HR managers should keep themselves up to date with are, do they have the right number of staff, Are all the resources being utilized to the fullest, What changes†¦show more content†¦Educating staff A perfect mix is when the current staff is well connected to the future needs, meaning that making employees aware of their current job and also motivating them to remain productive to satisfy and meet the final goal of the organization. A well educated staff also gives the learning and development department a head start of type of trainings and abilities might be required by the staff in near future. Staffing connected to vision and objectives A well organized organization always moves along and takes steps side to side with its organizational vision and objectives. HR departments should emphasis on redesigning the structure of the staff meetings, the human resource department and the departmental supervisors should work together in identifying the attitudes, behaviors and abilities which might be required in present and future. If an organization is able to recognize these then it has perfectly forecasted and employed individuals who can handle any uncertainty in the organization. Action Plan †¢ Applying the alternatives and recommendations. John could apply the mentioned alternatives into his business by considering the following techniques. Conducting Significant HR activities: HR departments should reconsider their policies and also offer innovative and creative positions, should offer constant appraisals and career growth opportunities to their experienced staff in order to motivate them more, at same time also offer new positions withShow MoreRelatedUsing Software Tools And Techniques974 Words   |  4 Pagesof alternative solutions which is throwing us into the difficulty to make a decision. For example, when we want to buy a television for the first time, it will be very difficult for us to choose the right one from the list with a large number of alternative solutions ranging from different makers to different models from a maker. Because of this confusion, we will consult people who have better experience and knowledge on these things and ask for their valuable suggestions or recommendations thatRead MoreOrganizational Theory Case Analysis Overview1170 Words   |  5 Pagescritically and thoroughly evaluate alt ernative solutions †¢ Learn how to make a final decision that you are confident in supporting Through the use of cases, students learn that the most obvious solution is not always the best solution. The only way to discover a â€Å"best† solution is to consider all possible alternatives, to identify the potential positive and negative outcomes for all possible alternatives, and then to select an alternative course of action that seems best basedRead MoreBusiness Data Communication Semester Project1558 Words   |  7 Pages________________________________________ Semester Project ________________________________________ The Big Picture - A Business Recommendation There are no final tests in the course. Instead, the final project is a business recommendation. You are going to write your own paper, but you will be part of a group that will give you feedback about your paper before you turn it in for a final grade. In the workplace, good communication is almost always near the top of list of desired traits. It isRead MoreThe Execution of the Second World War Essay758 Words   |  4 Pagesproviding toys to retail stores in the region. The company has 500 employees. The CEO of the company Fred is looking for alternatives to streamline B2B transactions between his employees and the retail stores. Freds information systems department has presented him with two alternatives for developing the new tools for better customer service with the retail stores. The first alternative will have a special software tool developed in C++ program (application software) that clients ( 500 employees) willRead MoreManagment Therory1261 Words   |  6 PagesLearning Value: 45% Due date: 11-Sep-2015 Return date: 02-Oct-2015 Length: 3000 words Submission method options Alternative submission method Task You are required to write a 3000 word essay on either Strategic Management or Management Knowledge amp; Learning as follows: * Use an organisation that is or has been in the news during the past two years (work-related learning) as an example of strategic management practices.Failing that, select an organisation with which you are very familiar such asRead MoreCapital Budget Recommendation1135 Words   |  5 PagesCapital Budget Recommendation Managerial Accounting and Legal Aspect of Business/ACC 543 May 24, 2010 Capital Budget Recommendation Guillermo Navallez is the owner of Guillermo Furniture, a company thatRead MoreChallenges Faced By Larry Brownlow1554 Words   |  7 Pagesways to address and resolve Larry’s business problems are to identify the main business problem that Larry is facing, recognize the different alternatives that are available to help alleviate Larry’s problem, pinpoint the best recommendation to solve Larry’s problem, and develop an implementation plan that will properly execute the greatest recommendation to solve Larry’s problem. Larry’s main problem is determining whether or not to invest in distributing the Coors product (Kerin PetersonRead MoreEssay about Bombardier Case Study1573 Words   |  7 Pagesinternal analysis, I expect a brief summary for the strengths and weakness of the firm 4. Alternatives: You need to generate mutually exclusive alternatives that address the problem facing the firm. Try to integrate the findings from the external and internal analysis to suggest specific alternatives. The alternatives should be at the strategic level and you can use these levels as alternatives. * Business-level strategies: staying in the same business and grow by internal growthRead MoreCapital Budget Recommendation: Guillermo Furniture1001 Words   |  5 PagesCapital Budget Recommendation: Guillermo Furniture ACC/543 Monday October 8, 2009 YouKnew Abstract Guillermo Navallez is the owner of a successful furniture and manufacturing company located in Sonora, Mexico. Navallez’s establishment is known for its quality pieces, crafting a variety of chairs and tables from the abundant supply of timber in the area. In the late 1990’s, Navallez competitors became a real threat to the ongoing success of Guillermo’s Furniture and Manufacturing CompanyRead MoreVinegar as Alternative Battery1708 Words   |  7 PagesVinegar as Alternative Battery An Investigatory Project Presented to The Faculty of the High School Department Surigao Education Center Km. 2, Surigao City _______________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Physics IV _______________________________________________ By: Edradan, Dhaniel Jefferson Yaun, Mary Allyssa Concon, Leonel Galos, Jancirfil Jimena, Rimar Villarojo, Kerr March 2013 APPROVAL SHEET Vinegar as Alternative Battery Prepared amp;

Looking Paper Free Essays

In The Countess Von Schonfeld with Her Daughter, Elisabeth Louise Vigee- Lebrun used size and placement to emphasize the figures of the mother and the young daughter. Elisabeth set the pair in the foreground, and she posed them so that their visual weights combined to form a single mass, the largest form in the painting. Strongly contrasting values of light skin against a pale background add further emphasis. We will write a custom essay sample on Looking Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Within this emphasis area, Elizabeth uses color of sight to create a focal point on the little girls white dress and the mothers dress. Elisabeth has subordinated the background so that it does not interfere, blurring the detail and working in a narrow range of light values. The painting is oil on canvas art piece painted in 1973. It is a painting of a women holding her daughter on her lap, the women being â€Å"The Grafin von Schonfeld. † The woman is dressed in this beautiful red dress from the upper class or a royalty stature in the late 1700’s. The clothing looks rich green with red. She has a covering on her head that looks like an extravagant scarf that drapes over her shoulder on one side, also made of the dame silky material used for her dress. The woman has pale skin, reddish brown hair, bluish eyes, and rosy cheeks. Her eyes look very real and penetrating when you examine the painting. The daughter is about the age of 5 or 6 years old. Her arms are around her mother’s neck and legs draped across her mother’s lap. The daughter is wearing a white fluid dress that looks thin in material with red sash around her midsection. The daughter has the same reddish brown hair and rosy cheeks. The mothers and daughters eyes are equally as big n size, while the child’s eyes seem also very real and youthful. The women and daughter are sitting on a bench of some sort on a ledge of a window open. Outside the window there is landscaping of mountains, trees and stormy sky. The sky is rich with high value of grays including the whites of the clouds. How to cite Looking Paper, Essay examples

Labour Productivity of Unincorporated Sole Proprietorships and Partner

Question: You are a semi senior member of staff at the Accounting firm Turpin, Barker and Armstrong based in Sutton. You have been appointed to deal with a pair of new prospective clients who have inherited quite a substantial sum of money from their grandfathers will.These two are brothers want to set up a business but have no knowledge as to what type of business they want to get into let alone the form of business entity available to them 1. As a Semi-Senior member of the accounting staff, you are required to write a report to be delivered by your firm to these brothers explaining the issues below: 2. Explain the different forms of business units(sole proprietorship, partnership, limited company) available, highlighting the benefits and limitations of each? 3. Explain financial accounting and management accounting, highlighting the differences between the two strands of accounting ? 4. Assuming that you have not been given any information about the inheritance of the brothers. Explain the sources of finance available to a business owner, looking at Short-term sources, Medium-term sources and Long-term sources of finance giving examples of each.? Answer: Introduction: The phrase management accounting means the skill of constructing the information of management and the fiscal reports which presents the specific and apposite economic and precise data essential by the members of the board of the firm to take squat tenure decisions (Jagels, Coltman and Coltman, 2004). The term financial accounting means the skill which shows the yearly report for the stock holders of the firm for example the balance sheet of the entity and the statement of income of the entity. The datas which are set by the company for the investors of the entity, the department of tax of the entity and also for the stake holders of the entity. The research analyst analyzed from this research that the various categories of business units reachable in the corporate market and the conception of financial accounting and the notion of management accounting (Robbins and Coulter, 2005). 1:Various forms of business units: Sole Proprietorships: An industry which is operated by an individual is known as the sole proprietorship firm. It is one of the ordinary and simplest types of a business. In this form of business the industry is able to manage a number of persons in relation to the concern business but as far as the proprietorship of the company are concerns it has to be one and specific. This kind of entrepreneurship is quite easy to establish and the entire amount of the profit can be enjoyed by the owner himself subject to some exceptions (Daily, 2008). Procedure for formation of sole proprietorship business: In a comparison to the other form of business, establishment of this form of business is very easy. At the primary level if a person would like to start a company then that person can establish a sole proprietorship company. For the purpose of establishment and controlling no special kind of license is necessary for the proprietor. In case of a sole proprietary business, it can be dissolved when the owner would like to dissolve it, it totally depends upon the will of the owner whether he would like to conduct the business procedure or not (Baldwin, Rispoli and Leung, 2011). Merits of sole proprietary business: In comparison to the other industry a sole proprietary business has a lot more merits. A sole proprietary company acquires special advantages as to tax benefits as well as its operational field. Simple way of constructing the company is one of the major operational benefits of the sole proprietary companies. In this kind of companies the owner runs the business single handedly and looks after all the factors relating to the conducts of the business. In case of a sole proprietary company, payment of diverse tax is not essential, the taxable amount depends upon the total gain of the company and it is filed by the income tax form of the concern owner himself (Batten, 2011). Demerits of sole proprietary business: In comparison to other industries, operational demerits and demerits relating to the liability of the company exists in a vast manner. One of the main disadvantage of this form of business is the owner of the business is liable for the liabilities of his business, it is possible that in spite of dissolving the business the owner have to discharge the liabilities of the business at his own responsibility (Harden, 2011). Another demerit of this kind of business is that the owner cannot include in the concern business another owner then that will not remain as the sole proprietorship business any more. If the owner of the business is not so well capable in relation to the conducts of the business then it is possible that the business may run on loss as the operational functions of the business mainly depends upon the credential of the owner of the concern business. Dissolve of the business: This form of business dissolves at the will of the owner, whenever the owner of the business would like to stop running the business then the business dissolves itself. Partnership business: If two or more person together takes an initiation to form a business jointly with an object of sharing profit or loss among them, then it will be considered as the partnership business. The persons who jointly establish the company are known as the partners of the concern company (Weiss, Serlis-McPhillips and Malafi, 2011). The partners of a partnership business are responsible to introduce the required capital in the business as specified proportionate and they may distribute the workload of the business among them. At the time of opening a partnership company the owners or the partners have to make sure some of the necessary decisions, like the proportion of profit or loss, amount of capital and it proportions among them, their post and role in the conduct of the business and many other major and minor factors are to be decided by the partners. To avoid conflicts and for the purpose of legal enforceability a partnership agreement as to the business is formed by the partners where all the necessary terms and conditions in relation to the partnership business in clearly mentioned, in this agreement it is also mentioned that if one partner dies what will be the future aspect in this regard. By virtue of the terms of the agreement partners used to control the conduct of the business, this agreement is known as partnership deed, it must be in writing instead of oral agreement for avoiding future ambiguities (Gage, 2004). Characteristics of partnership business: 1. More than one member: In a partnership form of business there must be at least two members but this number of two members may be increased. In this form of business two or several persons jointly construct the business and run the business with an object of earning profits. These persons are known as the partners of the business (Biech, 2007). 2. Partnership deed: In a partnership business there must be an agreement among the partners of the concern business where all the necessary terms and conditions relating to the partnership of the business are mentioned, this agreement is known as the partnership deed (Pelle, 2007).3. Legality: In a partnership business the subject matter of the business and the conduct of the business must be lawful, and no illegal work is permissible within the scope of a partnership business. All the partners of the business are lawfully bound under the partnership deed (Jasper, 2001).4. Competency of partners: For the purpose of entering into a partnership agreement as well as a partnership deed the partners must be competent to contract like the partners must have attained the age of maturity, is of sound mind and enough capable of understanding the terms and conditions of the partnership deed.5. Distribution of profit or loss: In a partnership business all the partners are entitle to share the profits of the business in accordance to the terms of the partnership deed and in absence of any such term in the partnership deed then all the partners are entitle to share the profits equally. In case of a loss in the business all the partners are liable to share such loss in accordance to their proportion into the profit of the business. Advantages and disadvantages of partnership business: In a partnership business, capital introduction is quite easy as it is introduced by several partners in a proportion. Operational functions are also very business friendly in nature. Risks and liabilities of the business get low as it is distributed among all the partners (Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger, 2012). There are some demerits in this form of business like there is no limitation as to the debt of the partnership firm. There is possibility of lack of efficiency from the partners. The process of profit shifting is very rigid in nature. There is no assurance of the future existence of the partnership business (Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso, 2011). Limited company: The establishment of incorporation that confines the entire measure of accountability should be underneath unease of the stockpile holders of the business. The explanation of this type of establishment of a commercial company is adept in the European nations. It is usually famous in name of Limited Liability Company. Subsequently, this type of business is recognized as Liability Company (Clayton, 2008). In the corporate sector there are two kind of limited company exists namely private limited company and the other one is public limited company. The virtual scope of limited companies is very vast, even a lot of limited companies are running from more than one generation. Formation of limited company: For the purpose of establishing a limited company the initiators have to register the name of the company with the House of Companies in accordance to the company laws of the nation. The registration of the company falls under the Companies Act 2006. In 21st century there are more than a couple of million companies within the territory of Europe. According to the provisions of the Companies Act 2006 every company must have at least one director and one company secretary (Hannigan, 2009). Advantages and disadvantages of company: The scope of the limited companies is very vast and the conducts of the limited companies are quite prompt. It does not get dissolved by the wish of the directors but it has a separate legal entity in the eyes of the law. The procedure for establishment of a limited company is quite difficult in comparison to other form of companies. In this kind of business huge amount capital is needed which may put a hurdle in the formation of the company. Limited companies influence CENVAT in the field of legislations. 2: Concept of Management Accounting: The term management accounting consist the method of constructing the information of financial records and management that assists the administrators in taking short term decisions by taking into consideration such suitable information (Hamada, 2010). Concept of financial accounting: Financial accounting means a method that shows the financial condition of a company for a specific period of time, for example, balance sheet, manufacturing account, P/L account etc. Distinction between management accounting and financial accounting: Management accounting helps the administrators to take short term decisions and it comprises the part of financial accounting of the company itself but financial accounting helps the company in analyzing the financial condition of the company and the amount of profit or loss earned by the company in a financial year. 3: In accordance with the character of the foundation of finance, they are chiefly categorized as inner resource and outer resource. However, they are also classified as a short tenure resource of finance, intermediate tenure resource of finance and lengthy tenure resource of finance. Short tenure resources of finance are obtainable merely for a single year. Likewise, intermediate tenure resources of finance are obtainable for trade up to five consecutive years and lengthy tenure resources of finance are obtainable for a term of more than five years. Private resources of finance are able to be classified in accordance with either of three of the above specified heads. On the other hand, regular share capital is the most important lengthy tenure resource in the field of finance. Additionally, bank loan, venture capital, and loan capital are too measured as the lengthy tenure resource of finance. Then again, numerous loan capitals also considered as the intermediate tenure resource of finance. Yet again, one of the major short tenure resources of finance is bank overdraft. Whilst taking into consideration any resources in relation to finance whether it is short tenure, intermediate tenure or lengthy tenure, there desires to mull over the lawful construction of the trade association resembling whether it is Limited or Private Limited Company. For instance, Limited and Private Limited Company are able to sell their shares, but sole proprietors; even business of partnership firm is unable to do this. Hence, depending upon the lawful construction of the industry, the resources of finance might be altered. Likewise, the utilization of finance also shows what type of resource desires to be utilized. For instance, for establishing a fresh business the proprietor must go for lengthy tenure resource of finance. Additionally, the revenue level points out what type of resource of finance have to be used. In this context, the echelon of hazard or risk enchanting competencies, inclination of the proprietors, the echelon of sum necessary mostly influence the accessibility of the resources of finance. Conclusion: In this context various forms of business and their advantages as well as disadvantages has been highlighted. Apart from that the purpose of management accounting and financial accounting is also been discussed with the assistance of various references. Recommendation: Every form of business has some merits and some demerits, the trader should take into consideration of the business he is looking for and should take necessary adaptions for encountering demerits of the business. References: Baldwin, J., Rispoli, L. and Leung, D. (2011).Labour productivity of unincorporated sole proprietorships and partnerships. Ottawa, Ont.: Statistics Canada, Economic Analysis Division. Batten, D. (2011).Gale encyclopedia of American law. Detroit, Mich.: Gale. Biech, E. (2007).The business of consulting. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Cavusgil, S., Knight, G. and Riesenberger, J. (2012).International business. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall/Pearson. Clayton, P. (2008).Forming a limited company. London: Kogan Page. Daily, F. (2008).Tax savvy for small business. Berkeley, CA: NOLO. Gage, D. (2004).The partnership charter. New York: Basic Books. Hamada, K. (2010).Business group management in Japan. Singapore: World Scientific. Hannigan, B. (2009).Company law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Harden, B. (2011).The adviser's guide to S corps, C corps, partnerships, LLCs, and sole proprietorships. New York: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Jagels, M., Coltman, M. and Coltman, M. (2004).Hospitality management accounting. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley. Jasper, M. (2001).Law for the small business owner. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications. Kimmel, P., Weygandt, J. and Kieso, D. (2011).Accounting. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Pelle, S. (2007).Understanding emerging markets. New Delhi: Response Books. Robbins, S. and Coulter, M. (2005).Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Weiss, L., Serlis-McPhillips, S. and Malafi, E. (2011).Small business and the public library. Chicago: American Library Association.

Orange juice vs sports drink free essay sample

I chose to research about which drink had the most electrolytes, sports drink or orange juice. Which has had me to do the orange juice vs. sports drink experiment. The reason why I aminterested in this topic is because for the long time I have loved the flavor of these drinks. But ever since I have been working out I’ve been wondering which drink is most beneficial when working out or participating in any physical activities that would get you tired. Because when I have to chose a work out drink I don’t know if I should choose my favorite juice that is orange juice or a recommended sports drink like Gatorade. So since that day I have been researching information on these two drinks to see which one has the most electrolytes. With this experiment I will be testing with each drink .And calculate the electrolytes in them and see which one has the most. We will write a custom essay sample on Orange juice vs sports drink or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An electrolyte is a liquid or a gel that contain ions. â€Å"Electrolytes turn on all thought and motion, almost like a wall switch. They trigger all events like muscle action by controlling ion channels†(Edward Kane, 2010).Electrolytes have four minerals that include Sodium, (Na) Potassium, (K), Magnesium (Mg), and Calcium (Ca). Electrolytes help us by giving us an electrically-charge. Our brain uses it, so that they can send messages to others parts of our body so it can continue its function. And that’s very important because without it our nervous system, heart, and muscles won’t work properly. For example, when you exercise you lose electrolytes in your sweat. Or excessive vomiting, diarrhea and high fevers. Those electrolytes must be replaced to keep the electrolyte level of your body fluids normal. So that your body can work properly because if you have low levels of electrolytes you may get dizziness and muscles cramps or weakness. Some more serious things that can happen is irregular heartbeat, mental confusion, changes in your blood pressure, and seizures. To prevent that you have to keep hydrated and get drinks that have the electrolytes that you need. Sports drink is a good way to gain those electrolytes when you have lost them through sweat because that’s their main purpose. The electrolytes that are mainly provided in sports drink is sodium, potassium and magnesium. Athletes mostly drink these drinks because it expands their energy by having those electrolytes. â€Å"the vast majority of people, drinking such products could completely counteract exercising more, playing football more, going to the gym more(Matthew Thompson).Sports drink give you more energy than drinking a high sugar soda. But If you are a small body person or a one that doesn’t sweet much, watch how much you are drinking. Because if you receive too much electrolytes and don’t have a good way to get rid of it, it can be bad having too much of it. Orange juice can also provide you with electrolytes. Orange is rich in potassium which is an important electrolyte. And has four main electrolytes that is Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, and Calcium, But is mainly known by having vitamin C. The vitamin C we get from orange juice protects our bodies from the harmful effects of free radicals that cause early aging, and helps us in getting the essential minerals like calcium. It also contains vitamins and minerals that are believed to have beneficial health effects. In the past, The Ancient Aztecs discovered the chia seeds. It’s one of the four main Aztec crops, it had been used by the Aztecs for thousands of years in central and south America. â€Å"Chia seed, a muscle and tissue builder and an energizer of endurance with extensive hydration properties, possesses none of the above disadvantage, and because if its physiochemical properties, supports effective treatment in immediate problems of digestion† (Mr. William (Bill) Anderson).The chia seeds can be eaten in their raw form or can be mix into your food like in your salads, water and sandwiches. Chia seeds can also be made into gel which you can use as oil. Many chia seeds where used as a staple food by the Indians of the south west and Mexico. The Indians of the south west would also eat a teaspoon full of chia seeds when going on a 24hr march. The Aztecs would also eat these chia seeds because it gave them energy to go on their long journeys. It was also known as the running food, because it uses high energy endurance food has been recorded as far back as the ancient Aztecs. It’s been said that he Aztec warriors subsisted on the Chia seeds during their c onquests.

Free Essays on Chesapeake vs New England

New England and Virginia were both settled by people of English decent. Both areas were settled at around the same period of time. However, the two developed into very different societies. The main explanation for this is the bases upon which each area was founded. The Puritans were a hard working, god-fearing people. After many years of religious prosecution in their homeland of England they sought out refuge in the neighboring country of Holland. After living in Amsterdam for a year, the group moved to the town of Leyden. For the next twelve years the Puritans built the reputation of being honest and hard working. However, life was very hard in Holland. Many families did not have enough money to make ends meet. The group resolved that they would lead a better life in America. The trip to America was a hard one, however, it brought the group closer together. On November 11, 1620 the Puritans anchored in Cape Cod Harbor. The Puritans worked extremely hard to set up a community in which they could worship their god and raise their families. Because many families had an extraordinary amount of children (Document B), it was important for them to set up a good foundation of togetherness in which the children could grow up. Each man did not work for the better of himself but for the better of the community as a whole. â€Å"†¦being by God’s providence engaged together to make a plantation† (Document D). This was needed in the initial building of houses, churches, and other structures that were crucial to their survival. â€Å"[Yet] we must be knit together and work as one man†¦We must delight in each other, make others’ conditions are own†¦always having before our eyes commission and community in the work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Document A). However, the people who started the colonies of Virginia did not have the same outlook on life. The Virginia Company, which funded the early settlements of Virginia, emphasized â€Å"quick economi... Free Essays on Chesapeake vs New England Free Essays on Chesapeake vs New England New England and Virginia were both settled by people of English decent. Both areas were settled at around the same period of time. However, the two developed into very different societies. The main explanation for this is the bases upon which each area was founded. The Puritans were a hard working, god-fearing people. After many years of religious prosecution in their homeland of England they sought out refuge in the neighboring country of Holland. After living in Amsterdam for a year, the group moved to the town of Leyden. For the next twelve years the Puritans built the reputation of being honest and hard working. However, life was very hard in Holland. Many families did not have enough money to make ends meet. The group resolved that they would lead a better life in America. The trip to America was a hard one, however, it brought the group closer together. On November 11, 1620 the Puritans anchored in Cape Cod Harbor. The Puritans worked extremely hard to set up a community in which they could worship their god and raise their families. Because many families had an extraordinary amount of children (Document B), it was important for them to set up a good foundation of togetherness in which the children could grow up. Each man did not work for the better of himself but for the better of the community as a whole. â€Å"†¦being by God’s providence engaged together to make a plantation† (Document D). This was needed in the initial building of houses, churches, and other structures that were crucial to their survival. â€Å"[Yet] we must be knit together and work as one man†¦We must delight in each other, make others’ conditions are own†¦always having before our eyes commission and community in the work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Document A). However, the people who started the colonies of Virginia did not have the same outlook on life. The Virginia Company, which funded the early settlements of Virginia, emphasized â€Å"quick economi...

Classifications Of Drug Actions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Classifications Of Drug Actions - Research Paper Example This plant develops in the Andes area of South America. Diverse chemical procedures create the two principal forms of cocaine: Powdered cocaine - regularly referred to in the city as "blow" or "coke† - breaks down in water. Users can inject or grunt powdered cocaine. Break cocaine - normally referred to in the city as "rock" or "crack† - is made by a chemical procedure that makes it in its "freebase" structure that can be smoked.As they come down from their cocaine high, certain users encounter temporary unpleasant reactions and after effects, which may include agitation, anxiety, irritability, restlessness, and insomnia (Streufert, 2013). During this "rebound" period, confusion, hyper arousal, suspiciousness, and other components of paranoid thinking may also appear (Streufert, 1993).Under the best possible natural circumstances, people report that cocaine elevates their capacity to focus, increments sexual energy, expands their amiability and reductions any previous tim idity, strain, weariness, dejection, or fatigue. Numerous individuals feel chattier, more strongly included in their connections with others, and perkier and unconstrained when high on cocaine. Down from their cocaine high, a few users experience brief unpalatable responses and delayed consequences, which may incorporate eagerness, tension, unsettling, touchiness, and sleep deprivation. Amid this period, suspiciousness, perplexity, hyper arousal, and different components of paranoid deduction might likewise show up.

Comparative Analysis of suicide in Japan and UK Essay

Comparative Analysis of suicide in Japan and UK - Essay Example There has been a variation of these rates between different countries and regions (NEERAJA 2008, pg23). The variations of the suicide rates between different countries are mainly because of different economic and social conditions that exist in these countries. The Asian countries over the recent years have recorded higher numbers of suicide than their western counterparts. Although the data for these deaths seem inaccurate in the Asian countries, various indicators have shown that they rate higher, some reports rating it as high as 60% of the overall suicides in the world (NOCK 2013, pg31). Japan, for instance, has experienced a surge in its suicidal mortality rates since the 1990’s (NEERAJA 2008, pg53). This has brought much particular attention to the Government and its policy makers. Globally the suicidal rate indicates a higher suicide rates on males as compared to females. Comparing to their female counterparts in the same age groups, males from different age groups have been characterized by high suicide rate (BARKER 2004, pg24). Over the centuries, it has been important to consider this factor in order to be able to develop preventive measures. To develop proper mitigation strategies, it is important to study the variations especially with times and different regions. The causative factors should be reviewed on a broader perspective to help counter this menace. Failure or success of these strategies has failed to be measured on single aspects like that of mental illness and/or disorders. This is because of the multifaceted issue, and a lot of other factors have been known to contribute to it (OCARROLL & PARK 2007, pg22). The healthcare provisions relating to the suicide menace has been more comprehensive and fruitful in the UK when comparing it to Japan (NEERAJA 2008, pg81). According to most published reports, Japan has rated higher in the suicidal rates as compared to

Christianity in the Middle East Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christianity in the Middle East - Assignment Example Secondly, from the interview with the leader of Christian Peoples Alliance highlights two issues of importance. The first is that Christian girls are being hijacked in Egypt and forced to marry Muslim men so that they can be converted to Islam. In Syria and Jordan, Christians are being treated to incredible persecution because they are not supporting the uprising in the Arab world. These two issues are of great importance to any Christian, not just in the Middle East but also in the rest of the world as cases of kidnapping may happen anywhere in the world. To a large extent, this is reducing the number of Christians in the Middle East. Thirdly, the whole video is information to the entire world as the reported cases of migration to other parts of the world is not a case of light importance. This calls for caution on all the Christians wherever they are and contribution to these people who are suffering. Background Information The persecution of Christians in the east is not a direct issue. As stated earlier, there is a desire by the Muslims to be supported in the spring. However, there is a feeling that the Christians are not doing anything to support them. They feel that the country belongs to all of them yet the fight for freedom is being done by the Muslims only. Therefore, to force Christians to join the Muslims, there is a direct attack especially on the girls who are being kidnapped and forcefully converted to Islam. This is strong because, from a basic perspective, it can be seen that the number of Christians will continue dwindling. Starting as the political issue in northern Africa in a bid to topple the ruling regimes, the revolution turned into a bloody war that has claimed the lives of so many people all over the region. The Middle East regions of Syria and Jordan have witnessed a high level of hijackings to foreigners especially from the western nations who have been on the ground to offer humanitarian services. The other background reason is the s ocial strife between the Muslim world and the western world. That is why there is a high-level anxiety in London that the spring would later turn into a Christian winter. This is because they are likely to be most affected by that given their position on neighboring Israel that has also been a source of hatred from the Muslims. Lessons from the Video There are several lessons that can be learned from the Arab spring in the east. One of the lessons is that there is persecution of Christians and this persecution is intentional. There is a high possibility that there is a plot to wipe out the Christian faithful from the east. This is seen by the statement given by the leader of the Christian peoples’ alliance in which he states that Christian girls are being hijacked and forced to marry Muslim men in a bid to convert them to Islam. To this effect, there is the need for action to be taken to avoid this trend. The same lesson is supported by the fact that all the Christians are fo rced to live an unstable life in which they are forced to migrate to other relatively peaceful places all over the world. The forced migration is an indication of the strength of the persecution and lack of peace that is exhibited in the region.

Coca Cola Consists Of Their Company And Bottling Partners Commerce Essay

Coca Cola Consists Of Their Company And Bottling Partners Commerce Essay The Coca-Cola system has more than 16 million customers around the world that sell or serve their products directly to consumers. They keenly focus on enhancing value for the customers and helping them grow their beverage business. They strive to understand each customers business and needs, whether that customer is a sophisticated retailer in a developed market or an owner in an emerging market. HISTORY Coca-Cola was invented in May 1886 by Dr. John S. Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. The pharmacist concocted caramel colored syrup in a three legged brass kettle in his backyard. He first distributed Coca-Cola by carrying it in a jug down the street to Jacobs pharmacy. For five cents consumers could enjoy a glass of Coca-Cola at the soda fountain. Dr. Pembertons partner and book keeper, Frank M Robinson, suggested the name Coca-Cola in the unique following script that is famous worldwide today. MISSION STATEMENT The mission statement should be a clear and succinct representation of the enterprises purpose for existence. It should incorporate socially meaningful and measurable criteria addressing concepts such as the moral/ethical position of the enterprise, public image, the target market, products/services, the geographic domain and expectations of growth and profitability. http://www.businessplans.org/Mission.html Coca-Cola Company is the worlds largest seller of liquid, non alcoholic refreshment. Their mission is to maximize state owner value over time. In order to achieve this primary objective of delivering superior investments return to shareowners through consistent increase in sales volume and creating value for all constituents they serve, including their consumers, customers, bottlers and their communities. The Coca-Cola Company creates value by executing a comprehensive business strategy by six key beliefs: Consumer demand drives everything they do. Brand Coca-Cola is the core of their business. They serve consumers a broad selection of the non-alcoholic ready-to-drink beverages throughout the day. They will be the best marketers in the world. They will think and act locally. They will lead as a model corporate citizen. The ultimate objectives of our business strategy are to increase volume, expand their share of worldwide non-alcoholic ready-to-drink beverage sale, maximize their long term cash flows and create economic value added by improving economic profit. They are nearly six billion people in the world who are potential consumers of their Companys products. Ultimately, their success in achieving their mission depends on their ability to add value for their customers. They achieve this when they Place the right products in the right markets at the right time. CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Most of the time effective selection is made, for this purpose employee is recruited either on reference basis or through interview, which is followed by background checks to make sure that he is not involved in criminal activities and have good reputation so that he should not create annoyance and problems for the company. The core values of Cokes culture are honesty, integrity, diversity, quality, respect, responsibility and accountability. Coca-Cola employees are oriented properly so that employee should be well aware of the mission of the company and give their best performance in order to let the company achieve its goals. They are made aware of all sorts of companies policies and procedures. . Coca-Cola culture is based on the following: Respect our people Integrity Open communication Committed to winning PLANNING Without a strategy the organization is like a ship without a rudder, going around in circles. Its like a tramp that has no place to go to. Strategic planning, formulation and implementation are core management functions. Although strategic management has been in existence for only a few years its implications have been firmly and strongly rooted in organizations that want to stand in good stead. Among all the varied things that managers have to deal with and act upon, few affect an organizations performance more lastingly than do the task of charting an organizations future course, figuring out the what strategic moves and approaches to undertake, and then orchestrating execution of the chosen strategy as close to perfection as is managerially possible. One of the factors in determining whether the organization performs up to its potential or not is the extent to which the management team performs the strategic goals. Indeed Good strategy and good implementation are the most trustworthy proof of good management Strategy is a very broad term which commonly describes any thinking that looks at the bigger picture. Successful companies are those that focus their efforts strategically. To meet and exceed customer satisfaction, the business team needs to follow an overall organizational strategy. A successful strategy adds value for the targeted customers over the long run by consistently meeting their needs better than the competition does. A strategic plan, then, is the bridge to the future, which an organization uses to lead from what it is to what it envisions it can become. THE CORPORATE OBJECTIVES Coca-Cola vision statement: We will become the best and the biggest anchor bottler in the world COCA COLA has a very flat hierarchy, consisting of just three layers. Thus, the top management handles most of the goals setting and planning activities. The objectives of this company can be classified as: STRATEGIC GOALS: The overall goal of an organization in terms of its market position in the medium or long-term. A strategic goal forms part of an organizations corporate strategy, and should act as a motivating force as well as a measure of performance and achievement for those working in an organization. The strategic goals are considered when company is thinking of the long-term objectives but at coca cola strategic objectives and goals are set up for three years. These strategic goals are decide by the top management .However, they are reviewed every year in the annual meeting to make sure that they are in line with the changing environment. They are: To continue to be an organization providing the quality products to the valuable customers. To select and retain the professional people for the organization. To project an outstanding corporate image. To satisfy the customer through extra ordinary service and an excellent service along with the complete tactical and operational support. TACTICAL GOALS: The top management of the company on an annual basis devises these goals together with the consultation of the lower level employees. Then each departmental director is given these annual tasks that then subdivide it on the quarterly or monthly basis to have a proper check to ensure that these objectives are achieved, mainly through marketing, is the job of the director of each division. For this year, these goals are: To increase the revenues by 20% as compared to last year. To increase the total retail customers by around 10%. To increase the market share by 5%. To reactivate the discontinued customers by 30%. OPERATIONAL GOALS: Operational goals are decided by the top management in consultation with the lower level employees. They are following the concept of management by objectives (MBO). Each employee is assigned its goals and is told what is expected of him and then he is evaluated on the basis of certain rules and regulations followed evenly by the company. For example: a sales man is given following tasks, duties and certain targets: Each salesman has to oversee around 100-125 outlets. The frequency of visits to each outlet depends upon the sales of that particular outlet. Normally, a salesman has to visit a single outlet thrice a week i.e. every alternate day. This means that a salesman visits at least 20-30 outlets per day. The salesman has three basic functions to perform. To find new customers, To retain existing ones, To bring back the discontinued accounts. Each salesman has to bring in at least three new accounts every month. These may either be new customers or the reactivation of the discontinued accounts. Sales manager is made responsible for the performance and achievement of operational goals and is assigned to set certain milestones for the salesman so as to give him proper feedback, which definitely helps the salesman achievement of the above-mentioned goals. DECISION-MAKING Competing in the market place is like a war. You have injuries and casualties, and the best strategy wins. Purposeful selection from among a set of alternatives in light of a given objective. Decision-making is not a separate function of management. In fact, decision-making is intertwined with the other functions, such as Planning, Coordinating, and Controlling. The decision-making process in COCA COLA is centralized. The model used is classical, whereby the top management takes their time while making decisions and explore and evaluate all the possible alternatives before choosing the rationally economic and feasible solution. Programmed decisions are made only by the top management with no consultation what so ever with the line managers while the daily and routine decisions are made by the line managers at the middle level with the prior permission or approval from the general manager. Decisions, which are normally taken at the top management, are related to The package positioning Trade discounts Advertisements Price reductions Distribution While recruiting new employees, we, the top management approves the vacancies and asks the Human Capital Department to conduct the written test and this test normally is conducted for the employees at the lower level. Then prospective applicants are short listed through the interview process. Then the Business and operations manager or general manager personally interviews the employees and then makes the final decision about the selection himself. Hence, the decisions are made on the basis of the inputs provided by the lower level employees and the managers at the middle management level. Top management asks for the suggestions and ideas of his subordinates and then takes the final decision himself. However, the remaining decisions, which are mainly related to the daily operations, are made by the respective managers who are eventually made responsible for the results. The management is very much cooperative and encourage its employees to come up with new ideas related to their duties and the work they do so as to increase the overall efficiency of the organization and eventually increasing the profits. TEAM BUILDING WORK TEAMS Employees especially in the production, sales and marketing department in Coca-Cola work in teams to achieve their goals. CLARIFY RESPONSIBILITY Coca-Cola has very organized HR department and all major disciplinary actions are taken by it. Supervisors usually given oral warnings and written notices are issued by human resource department. DEFINING PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS Employees responsibilities are mentioned in the Job Description and the kind of work expected by them is communicated clearly through appointment letter and by orienting them properly. COMMUNICATE DISCIPLINARY POLICIES, PROCEDURES AND RULES Coca-Cola appointment letter gives all the details of the disciplinary policies and rules. Employee is expected to sign that letter before he joins the organization. Company tells all its employees before hand that if they would violate companys rules and regulations and would engage in any kind of misconduct, immediate disciplinary action would be taken and that this may cause in termination of their services. COLLECT PERFORMANCE DATA In order to start discipline action, company requires proof by the supervisor who thinks that disciplinary action should be taken against some person. For example, if the person has the habit of coming late, then the supervisor is required to give dates on which he arrived late and the time. Usually company verifies the cases of misconduct from various sources and makes sure that the information is correct. ADMINISTERING CORRECTIVE COUNSELING Coca-Cola considers all its employees valuable, if somebody is unable to perform well problems in the meetings that are specially called to administer Corrective Counseling. During these meetings he can give reasons of his bad performance KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS: The key Performance indictors are as follows 1. FINANCIALS/PROFITABILITY Coke pays special attention to the financials as important performance indicator. Coke controls the amount of money being paid out. All bills are reviewed to determine how much is being disbursed and for what purpose. Managerial efficiency is gauged by the financials and profitability of the plants as well as corporate office. 2. QUALITY INDEX Coke follows quality index to maintain quality standards and this is the performance indictor which is strictly adhered to. An independent body is invited to check the quality of the products being manufactured. A market team is brought in and a 95% to 98 % of quality indicates good quality. SALES MONITORING Coke regularly checks as how sales are responding to marketing and promotional efforts. Through these performance indictors Coke measures how an individual or a team is performing. Coke emphasizes that performance indictors play an important role in determining the efficiency of any individual/team. NON-BUREAUCRATIC, OPEN DOOR POLICY The structure is non-bureaucratic and any employee can approach anyone from high level of hierarchy and present his problem or suggestion. This phenomenon is known as the Open door policy. Coke also encourages its key employees to take on important decisions as they feel necessary for the working of their own departments. Job Description A job is a collection of tasks and responsibilities that an employee is responsible to conduct. Jobs have titles. A task is a typically defined as a unit of work, that is, a set of activities needed to produce some result, e.g., vacuuming a carpet, writing a memo, sorting the mail, etc. Complex positions in the organization may include a large number of tasks, which are sometimes referred to as functions. Job descriptions are lists of the general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position. Coke has a very good policy as regards to job description. When a job is advertised it is properly described so that applicants know what the job requirements are. The advertisements properly lay out these descriptions. Applicants selected are those who fulfill the criteria of the given job description. Coke is very cautious when making job descriptions as it wants to induct only those people who are required by the company. Job description is prepared by HR managers and proper care is taken while defining the description of each job so that later when a person is inducted he properly fits the job requirements. MOTIVATION If you want to make things happen the ability to motivate yourself and others is a crucial skill. At work, home, and everywhere in between, people use motivation to get results. Motivation requires a delicate balance of communication, structure, and incentives. When an employee inducts in Coke, he is joining Coke: The Company meaning that it gives him recognition as he is working for a huge multi-billion corporation with huge profit turnover. Associated with Coke not only gives him career break but also excellent learning opportunities. So he becomes more marketable as an employee and thus this is a great motivating factor for him. COKES CULTURE ENVIRONMENT The culture and environmental setup of Coke is also very friendly and as already explained Coke has open door policy as a part of its culture. This culture is also very motivating for employees and thus leads to their higher productivity and they give out their best to their jobs. PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT When Employee feels that he is given adequate authority and responsibility in making key decisions of the organization he feels an important part of the organization. He feels he has a role to play in the organization and feels a part of the bigger picture. His suggestions are valued and efforts are acknowledged. Thus all these factors lead to high motivation in employees. WELL PAY AND FRINGE BENEFITS Coke employees are offered excellent pay scales and job related benefits. The pay and the benefits match their job requirements and their pay scale is also very competitive as compared to other companies. Thus, this is an important factor in motivating employees. JOB PROMOTIONS Each and every employee is given a fair chance to progress in his job. Job promotions based on their performance appraisals are a part of Cokes policy in motivating employees. PAY RAISES, INCENTIVES AND COMMISSIONS Coke employees are given pay raises, incentives and commissions as per their performance, their goal achievement and if they out perform their jobs. All these factors lead to high motivation in Coke employees. CONFLICT RESOLUTION Conflict resolution is part of daily routine in Coke. The conflict could be labor related as well as management related. The labor related matters are dealt by engaging a legal consultant whereas management resolves its own conflicts by sitting down and discussing the problem at hand thoroughly. The management related problems are not turned into open arguments and matters are not made personal, rather they are dealt professionally. The labor related matters are also dealt very professionally. Services of Legal Counsel are engaged in order to resolve matters relating to employees as well as labor as per government regulations. Negotiations are also a part of conflict resolution process. Peaceful resolutions are preferred over heated resolutions of conflicts. Following roles are involved in conflict resolutions: Mediators: Coke utilizes the service of mediators as per the conflict requirements. Consultants: Consultants play an important role in Coke in conflict related matters. Coke engages these consultants so that the conflicts that arise are skillfully managed through communication and analysis. Compensation Plans Group Life Insurance Coca-Cola secures its employees through group life insurance incase of death/disability of any employee. Free Sampling Coca-Cola provides its employees with free samples of its beverages on different festivals etc. Volunteer Separation Scheme(Golden Handshake) Incase of restructuring, if the employees need to be laid-off then Coke gives volunteer separation scheme (golden handshake) with extra benefits over and above their legal dues. Gratuity/Provident Fund Coke gives its employees gratuity/provident fund. Employee Old-Age Benefits When an employee retires, those employees who are secured through employee old-age benefits institution under the current law, 6 % is contributed by the Coke and 1 % is deducted from the employees pay. Performance Development Programs Coke provides its employees with performance development programs. Annual Performance Incentive Plan Monetary awards are given to employees if they perform well and this is done through Cokes annual performance incentive plan. Workers Participation Funds The company maintains workers participation funds so as to share its 5 percent of its profit with its employees. 9. Medical/Hospitalization Coca Cola reimburses its employees medical/health insurance. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Performance appraisal is an important part of performance management. In itself it is not performance management, but it is one of the range of tools that can be used to manage performance. http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/perfmangmt/appfdbck/perfapp.htm Reviewing Planning Tracking Reflection The Performance Management System End of Cycle Review Continuous progress and development Key Result Areas Objectives Competencies Development Plan Reaching Agreement Tracking Feedback Coaching Mid-year Review wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_quality_management Method Coca-Cola uses Management by Objectives (MBO) method; evaluator is given five to seven areas on which he has to assess the employee. Evaluator is supposed to rate an employee on the job related objectives and he is also supposed to give tracking sources. This part is known as THE WHATS. Evaluator also rates an employee on the key competencies required by the job and critical to the objectives, this part is known as THE HOWS. Evaluator also mentions competencies required for development and development goals. It also focuses on the time frame in which the developmental activities would be implemented and the way these developed competencies /skills/knowledge would be used in achieving performance objectives, this is known as Development Plan. PERFORMANCE RATING There are five areas on which employees are rated: 1. Consistently Exceeds-CE Performance Objectives/ WHATS Employee, whose contribution exceeds the stated objectives in terms of quality and timeliness and performs beyond the scope of the current role/department which benefits the company in a significant way. Competencies Skills and Knowledge/ HOWS Demonstrates well-developed expertise to get outstanding results and consistently role models the above behavior and also coaches others. 2. Meets and Exceeds-ME Performance Objectives/ WHATS Employees who consistently meet the objectives and frequently exceeds objective and adds value beyond the scope of the current role, often benefit Division/Department. Competencies Skills and Knowledge/ HOWS An employee frequently demonstrates an advanced ability in using Competencies Skills and Knowledge in order to achieve and exceeds results. 3. Successfully Meets-SM Performance Objectives/ WHATS Employee, whose contributions consistently meets and occasionally exceeds the objectives, which are based on challenging goals falls in this category. Competencies Skills and Knowledge/ HOWS Employee demonstrates competence and applies skills and knowledge to achieve expected levels of performance. 4. Meets Some-MS Performance Objectives/ WHATS Employee who meets some but not all the objectives and performance, improvement is necessary. Performance is somewhat inconsistent and more than normal direction on job responsibilities and objectives is required. Competencies Skills and Knowledge/ HOWS Demonstrates limited working knowledge of this area, observable gaps exists in applying some critical Competencies Skills and Knowledge areas to achieve expected results. Further coaching and development is required. 5. Fails to Meet-FM Performance Objectives/ WHATS Employee whose contributions frequently do not meet the stated objectives, performance requires frequent monitoring and substantial direction from the manager. Competencies Skills and Knowledge/ HOWS Employee demonstrates very limited ability in this area, significant improvement is required. Coca Cola also uses the following methods: 1. Multi-rater Assessment Coca Cola asks its Employee to nominate the people, who would rate him on his performance. Then the assessment from different people is given a form of summary or key useful and informative points are extracted from these peoples evaluation, this is known as TOOL OF DEVELOPMENT in Coca-Cola. Coca Cola uses STARs as the way to evaluate a person. STARs= Situation-Task-Action- Result 2. Work Standard Approach 3. Critical Incident Technique 4. Essay Appraisal. Exit Interviews Coca-Cola also interviews employees leaving the organization and asks about their opinion about the way performance appraisal is conducted in the company to improve it if required. Purposes of Conducting Performance Appraisal To Assess the employee To develop and improve the employee. Who are the People Involved? People who are involved in this process are Supervisors and Department Heads, also known as Grand Supervisors. Training of people carrying out performance appraisal People, who carry out performance appraisal, are trained by head office and all sites are updated about this process. How Often Performance Appraisal is conducted? Coca-Cola conducts performance appraisal once a year, but from now they are thinking to conduct it after every six months. At Which Level Performance Appraisal Is Conducted? Employees of all management categories undergo process of performance appraisal. For how long it has been Part of Organization? COCA COLA was established three years ago since then performance appraisal is part of this organization. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL OF COCA COLA AND OTHER MULTINATIONALS Performance appraisal conducted in Coca Cola is very thorough as compared to other multinationals. Developmental Plan and Career aspirations Coaching Log, Interim Review, end of cycle review are all part of performance appraisal. CHANGES AND IMPROVEMENT IN PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL PROCESS BY COCA-COLA Coca-Cola is introducing a change in this process. It is planning to conduct performance appraisal twice a year instead of once a year, they are naming this change as mid-year review. Lastly Coca-Cola claims that its employees are satisfied with this process that has also helped the organization. Performance appraisal method is same for new employees (recently joined company) and for old workers (those who are working for many years). Performance appraisal method used by Coca-Cola is same worldwide. TRAINING Coca Cola has its own training specialists and employees are trained usually on need basis. It has huge budget allocated towards training of its employees; it amounts to $200,000 per year. Whether the employee belongs to middle level management or senior level management, training is provided because company believes that it would benefit both the company and the employee in the long run. Employees are usually sent to Europe or Middle East for training. Coca Cola has its In-House Training Head Office in Atlanta, where they have their own training specialists. They also use local training facilities like they often send their employees to LUMS for special courses so that they can update their skills; others include PIMS, CMD, Informatics for computer Courses. Another important source of training is seminars. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Performance appraisal is done at the end of the year in Coca-Cola that usually helps in identifying the areas where training can bring improvements. OBSERVATION OF BEHAVIOR Supervisors usually report to the HR department about their employees, those who need training. By watching them performing their work, they can easily identify the problem areas that can be corrected by putting them on training. On the Job Training Job Rotation Job rotation is very commonly used to train the employees in different areas so that they can learn skills that can help in their development. CAREER GROWTH Job Rotation Job rotation is very commonly used to train the employees in different areas so that they can learn skills that can help in their development. Company provides with no additional benefits when employee learn skills other than his original job during Job Rotation because company believes that it is in the benefit of this employee, and its ultimately him who is going to benefit. MENTORING Operational manager in Coca-Cola in consultation with HR department is responsible for mentoring. JOB INSTRUCTION TRAINING Coca-Cola uses Job Instruction Training for middle-level, lower-level management and worker class, supervisors usually gives this training. COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS Coca-Cola very often puts its middle-level managers and lower-level managers on committee assignments so that they can learn. Apprentice Training Supervisors are responsible for apprentice training in Coca-Cola; worker class is trained by this method. EVALUATION AND CONTROL: QC Total Quality Management TQM is a set of management practices throughout the organization, geared to ensure the organization consistently meets or exceeds customer requirements. TQM places strong focus on process measurement and controls as means of continuous improvement http://managementhelp.org/quality/tqm/tqm.htm Coke believes in always motivating to anticipate present and future needs of customers and consumers, to be nimble, dynamic and growing, always in a state of continual evolution. Developing and maintaining an environment, which enables full participation and development of all backgrounds, cultures, styles and views, leveraging the capabilities, insights, and ideas of all member Consumers are given foremost importance. COCA COLA focuses on TQM in order to deliver TCS (Total Consumer Satisfaction). The Company value creativity and risk taking to fulfill this motto. To meet the consumers changing demands, COCA COLA has adaptable and flexible structure. The authority is at the right place. The employees are given empowerment by virtue of which they feel themselves as part of organization: consequently they put all the efforts to prove their worth. Young and junior employees with high potential are entrusted with senior assignments. At COCA COLA risk taking and out of the box thinking is encouraged. New and creative ideas are always welcomed. Top management supports the innovative process and appreciates employees to THINK DIFFERENT and to be INNOVATIVE. The Company is in the process of increasing in its culture the element of the trust, maximum collaboration among individuals and groups, increased sense of organizational ownership, allowing people to exercise self-direction and self-control at work. Decision making at Coca-Cola is very participative due to friendly atmosphere. Anyone can give suggestions without any hesitation. Employees exchange views with each other and recommend the final decision to the senior managers. If any decisi

Beneficial Animal Testing Essay -- Science Ethics Scientific Research

Beneficial Animal Testing Animal testing has always been plagued with controversy on its ethical issues by animal activist groups and supportive scientists. Is it morally just to experiment and sacrifice laboratory animals on behalf of human research? Dr. Gina Solomon MD wrote her article regarding the benefits of animal testing to protect the human race and all other species. Her article â€Å"The Lesser Evil† shows the beneficial and positive aspects of animal experimentation. She approves the notion for animal testing but requests greater regulation and gentler methods of testing when scientifically possible. Dr. Solomon’s article was published in the Earth Island Journal, Autumn 2002, v17, i3, pg 47. Dr. Gina Solomon MD works for the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). She is a senior scientist and physician of the Health and Environment program. Dr. Solomon’s article is trustworthy and credible because she is a licensed practitioner of medicine and a chief scientist. She relies on personal experience and scientific data to justify the use of animal testing. She works for a reputable nonprofit organization whose opinions are valued for the protection of human life. Dr. Solomon focuses her article toward those who are undecided or opposed to animal testing. She hopes to persuade her audience of the scientific human advantage gained by animal experimentation. Animal experimentation is essential for the protection from harmful chemicals and pesticides for all living creatures on Earth. The animal research allows scientist to better recognize and distinguish poisonous materials for humans and wildlife. Animal activist agencies, such as PETA (People for the E thical Treatment of Animals), ar... ...a huge uncontrolled chemical experiment,† (Solomon, pg 47). I enjoyed Dr. Solomon’s article because she justifies her argument very thoroughly. She uses personal experience and factual information to support her opinions on animal testing. I found her article to be informative as well as persuasive. Her trustworthy personality shines through her article from her personal beliefs and convictions. She acknowledges the need for animal experimentation but does not appreciate the waste of any animal life. She used scientific research to explain the necessity to discover the dangerous chemical side effects endangering all life forms. The byproducts of Dr. Solomon’s article will be a better understanding for animal testing. People will accept testing on animals to be an essential part of human and wildlife protection from toxic chemicals and pesticides.

African Trade Routes

African’s were among the richest of people back in the 1000’s. Effects of trade brought cities to faster than they rise. Great civilizations from Ghana to Zimbabwe both flourished but, had their tragic end. But, it provided them with a lot of things such as gold, salt slaves etc. People introduced camels to the desert in 200 a. d. Merchants primarily used them for trade to the Empires in the middle of the desert. They traded things such as gold, ivory, ostrich feathers, animal hides, and slaves.According to document 5 â€Å"The salt trade made the city prosperous; in Africa, salt ranked with gold and slaves in value. For Merchants to risk camels over hundreds of miles of burning sand, the profits must have been enormous† (22). This means that merchants traveled to cities in the desert to make mounds of cash. This trade route was the â€Å"trans-Saharan trade’ which they used camels to travel across. Because, Of the Saharan trade routes many cities like Gh ana rose and prospered.It also bought new crops from south and Southeast Asia such as, sugarcane, coconuts, bananas, asian rice, and vegetables. Another effect is slavery; they used slaves to break up the salt so it could be traded. Also trading had a major effect on Islam. According to document 8 â€Å" The leaders became integrated into African societies by playing religious,social,and political roles similar to those of traditional priests†(447). This means Muslim leaders kind of move in and just sprinkled their religion around until people caught on.And by learning this new religion it opened doors for even more trading by them eventually learning their language. Ghana soon began to fall, people who were under their control fought for the control of the lucrative trade. Mali was established in 1235 by Sundiata. Male became rich off of the Saharan trade routes. King Moses controlled Gao and Timbuktu his power extended also to the Taghaza salt mines. According to document 9 â€Å" They put their children in chains if they show any backwardness in memorizing it, and they are not set free until they have it by heart†(304).It basically means that the power that they had over other people also were towards their children which shows they had a lot of money. According to document 6 â€Å"The inhabitants are very rich, especially the strangers who have settled in the country; so much so that the current king has given two of the daughters in marriage of two brothers both businessmen, on account of their wealth† (112). This means that he cared so much about their money that he ensured they will never lose it.According to document 1 â€Å"Salt is so common, so easy to obtain and so inexpensive that we have forgotten that from the beginning of civilization until about 100 years ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kurlanksy). It shows you that people that wanted salt had to pay and work endlessly until they finally got what they needed. Now all you have to do is pick it up at a store; no effort is needed. According to document 3 â€Å"Behind the King stood ten pages holding shields and swords decorated with gold. †(45). As you can see there was a surplus of gold so they just dressed in it not all